Battle of Britain Presentation
Jul 10, 2022 14:11:44 GMT
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Kliment Jefremovitš Vorošilov, Gerd von Rundstedt, and 3 more like this
Post by Eugene V. Debs on Jul 10, 2022 14:11:44 GMT
Hi! Battle of Britain is one of the fields that I have been interested in for a while, and I wanted to make a presentation about it. I will also try to analyze the factors, results and mention about important figures. By the way, coincidentally, today is the anniversary of 10 July, the accepted start date of the Battle of Britain. 
I hope you like the presentation.
Let's start!
Content
I. Pre-Battle History
II. Deployment
III. Battle
IV. Dowding System
V. Iconic Aircraft of the Battle of Britain
VI. The End of the Battle and Conclusion
Battle of Britain Presentation
Battle of Britain was a battle between the United Kingdom and Nazi Germany that took place in British airspace between July and October 1940. It is considered to be the first major air war fought entirely by aircraft. It was also Britain's first major victory in World War II and Nazi Germany's first major defeat.
I. Pre-Battle History
General Situation Before the Battle
The Battle of France ended with the defeat of the Allies. And France, led by Philippe Petain, surrendered. After that, Nazi Germany wanted to force the United Kingdom to make peace with them. If they failed to do so diplomatically, they would use Operation Sea Lion to invade the United Kingdom and force them peace by force if necessary.
On 10 May 1940, the day Germany attacked the Benelux, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, unable to withstand intense opposition, resigned and was succeeded by the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill. Churchill was against making peace with Nazi Germany and advocated continuing the war and resisting the Nazis no matter what. The Dunkirk evacuation was a critical step in continuing the war. Without them, Britain would suffer a shortage of soldiers and it would be difficult to continue the war. But there would be a second step: Battle of Britain.
When the prospect of peace with Britain disappeared, the Germans decided to carry out Operation Sea Lion, namely to invade Britain.
Naturally, it was necessary to land in order to occupy the British Isles. And to be able to land, naval superiority and air superiority were necessary, without which a landing would naturally be suicidal, while the Royal Navy, which is stronger than the Kriegsmarine (Nazi Germany's Navy), and the Royal Air Force were standing in Nazi Germany's way. And in order to gain air superiority, they had to neutralize the RAF. And that would set the stage for Battle of Britain.
With the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the World War I, Germany was prohibited from having an air force. But Germany had secretly trained pilots. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, they officially founded Luftwaffe at 26 February 1935, the Luftwaffe. Hitler gave command of the Luftwaffe to Hermann Goering, a pilot at World War I and political ally of Hitler. In World War I, Hermann Goering served as a pilot in a fighter wing, Jagdgeschwader I. This wing was commanded by the famous WWI pilot Manfred von Richthofen, also knows as "Der rote Baron", means "The Red Baron."
After the start of the Second World War, the Luftwaffe performed very well and played important roles in the war campaigns. It was also an integral part of Blitzkrieg. The RAF's resources were more limited and they were outnumbered than the Germany. But the British had a force multiplier that eliminating this disadvantage: the Dowding System, which will be written in more detail in the following sections.
The RAF (Royal Air Force) was founded on 1 April 1918, as the world's first independent air force. From the 1930s on, its development accelerated with the political tensions in Europe. In 1936, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of RAF Fighter Command. He led to develop the famous air defence system, the Dowding System, named for him.
"The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin." Churchill said in a speech at the House of Commons on June 18, France. Battle of Britain takes its name from here.
II. Deployment
For Britain's defense, the RAF and British airspace were divided into four main groups:
No. 10 Group: Controlled by Air Vice-Marshal Quintin Brand and defended Southwest England.
No. 11 Group: Controlled by Air Vice-Marshal Keith Park and defended Southern England, including London. This fleet faced with the biggest battles, on the British side.
No. 12 Group: Controlled by Air Vice-Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallory and defended the Midlands and Wales
No. 13 Group: Controlled by Air-Vice Marshal Richard Saul and defended Northern England and Scotland.
Air-Vice Marshal Sir Keith Park
Luftwaffe
The Luftwaffe started the Battle of Britain in 3 fleets called Luftflotten. They were deployed to the English Channel coast and the North Sea coast, of the territory they invaded.
Luftflotte 2: Controlled by Field Marshal Albert Kesselring and attacked southeastern England, this fleet faced the biggest battles, on the German side.
Luftflotte 3: Controlled by Field Marshal Hugo Sperrle, participated in the attacks on western England mostly.
Luftflotte 5: Controlled by General Hans Stumpff and participated in the attacks on Northern Britain.
Field Marshal Albert Kesselring
III. Battle
It is generally accepted that the war is consist of four to five phases, but there are different opinions on this issue though. I will try to make a round-up.
Following the German victory in the Battle of France, the Luftwaffe deployed and regrouped at bases in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Air bases were prepared for battle. Before 10 July, the official accepted date of start of the battle, some attacks and raids were there.
26 June – 16 July: Storangriffe (means "nuisance raids"), The Germans made small scale scattered probing attacks during both day and night, along with armed reconnaissance. The attack on shipping named Kanalkampf ( means"the Channel battles") started on 4 July.
The 10th of the month was considered the official start date of the Battle of Britain.
17 July – 12 August: Kanalkampf attacks continued against the British shipping on this period, while the attacks on ports and coastal airfields increased. On night, air raids were done on aircraft manufacturing by Luftwaffe.
13 August – 6 September: The main attack, which was named as Adlerangriff (means "Eagle Attack") started, to try to destroy the RAF in southern England.
18 August was the peak day of casualties for both sides. It was the bloodiest of the battle. 27 to 34 aircraft of RAF were destroyed during the battle, and 29 aircraft were destroyed on the ground. And Luftwaffe lost nearly 69 aircraft.
This period includes huge daylight raids on airfields of RAF. Also, industrial cities, ports, and suburbs of London were heavily bombed during the night, from 19 August.
On 24 August, a group of Heinkel He 111 failed to find their target and accidentally bombed Central London. In 25-26 August, RAF attacked to Berlin as a response to this London attack. The British attack on Berlin did not cause any important casualties. But, after this, Hitler was enraged, and he ordered Goering to entirely focus to bomb London as a response to Berlin attack, and leave the tactic of bombing the RAF stations. Also, they thought that the stations were already badly damaged and it is meaningless to continue to bomb them, by thinking that's waste of time.
Nazi propaganda claimed that Britain would never touch Berlin. And it was a shock on the Nazi front that the British were able to bomb Berlin while the war was raging in Britain. And it was a morale booster for the British.
But, this was a mistake of Hitler and a gift for RAF, because their airbases and stations had important casualties during the past attacks. And this decision gave the time to British to repair them, train new pilots and regroup to prepare to fight again, while Luftwaffe trying to avenge the attack on Berlin by focusing to bomb London and the other cities.
This mistake was the turning point of the Battle of Britain.
7 September – 2 October: the Blitz started. Luftwaffe's massive attacks on London and the other major British cities during the day and night.
15 September was one of the most important dates in the war. The Germans launched a massive raid, in hopes of destroying the RAF. But since the Luftwaffe focused its attack on cities rather than the military targets, the RAF had already rallied, repaired its buildings, prepared new aircraft, and was ready for battle again. Thus, a massive aerial battle broke out. And this battle ended by British victory. 15 September is commemorated as the Battle of Britain day in the United Kingdom.
3–31 October: Bombardments during the night on London. This period also included small scale fighter-bomber Storangriffe raids to get the RAF fighters into dogfights.
One thing that kept British morale high during the battle was that the Royal Family, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II, chose to stay at Buckingham Palace in London throughout the war, occasionally visiting Windsor Castle.
And, on September, Hitler postponed Operation Sea Lion. And on October, Battle of Britain is considered to be over.
The Blitz, involving the bombing of major cities, continued, but the threat of invasion to Britain was successfully repelled.
During the battle, RAF sometimes bombed Berlin, though usually it is not mentioned. They usually did not cause important casualties, but Nazis' psychology. And, it made Hitler ordered to focus on bombing British cities, as the details already mentioned. Also, it increased the moral of the British people, who are hard-pressed.
On 20 August, while the Battle of Britain battle continues, Winston Churchill told about the RAF crews and personnel who fought in the Battle of Britain:
"Never was so much owed by so many to so few."
A war time British poster including this quote.
Note: The quote in his speech was actually: "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few."
After this quote, RAF members was started known (and named) as "The Few."
The RAF had volunteers from all over the world, from Nazi-occupied Europe; Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the rest of the world, even from the neutral countries, from the United States and more have joined the Royal Air Force at Battle of Britain. In fact, the RAF's No. 303 Polish squadron (one of the RAF's Polish squadrons) shot down more enemy aircraft than any other RAF Squadron.
The pilots of No. 303 Polish Squadron
IV. Dowding System
The Dowding System was a network of air defense systems incorporating radars, ground defenses, and the members of the Observer Corps.* Radars were used by many countries during the Second World War, and Germany knew that Britain had radar technology. But a system such as the Dowding system that combines radars with many other defense tools in a system had never been used before. And what the Germans didn't know was that the British system was so deep and detailed and so critical to British defense. If they had known, they could have continued the bombing on attacking RAF targets and radar systems, rather than focusing entirely on London and other major cities, with the sole aim of avenging the bombardment of Berlin (which actually did no significant damage), which would have been more beneficial to Luftwaffe.
*The Royal Observer Corps was an organization of people in Britain, who worked to help detect and approaching enemy aircraft and report them to RAF.
Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding, Dowding System named after him.
Radar chains called Chain Home were built on the south coast of Britain. But they could not detect planes flying below a certain height. For this, another radar system called Chain Home Low were used, a special version of original Chain Home. In addition to radars, Observer Corps members were helping to detect the enemy aircraft approaching Britain and report them.
Range of Radars.
A Chain Home Low Station
Map of the bases of sides, British RAF Groups and some of the radars' range. See the previous map at this section for entire range of all radars.
The information gathered by radars about approaching enemy aircraft was sent to the Filter Room at Fighter Command Headquarters.
After the information was finalized, verified and filtered, it was sent to the Headquarters of the relevant Group. From there it was sent to Sector Stations, and then the aircraft steered by them, and made them was already prepared to fight before the enemy arrived.
The information provided by the Observer Corps was filtered out at Observer Corps Headquarters, then sent either to Fighter Command or directly to Group Headquarters or Sector Stations.
No. 10 Group's Control Room
In this way, RAF aircraft could be prepared in advance to respond to oncoming attacks before they arrive, and this gave the RAF this critically important time. Furthermore, the RAF's pilot resources were more limited than the Luftwaffe's. And the Dowding System made an important contribution to winning the war, by ensuring that the RAF did not conserve and waste its lesser resources against the Luftwaffe.
But that alone was not enough for victory, the Luftwaffe's own mistakes also had a significant impact.
V. Iconic Aircraft of the Battle of Britain
Battle of Britain had many notable aircraft, I have included the most prominent ones.
Supermarine Spitfire
The Supermarine Spitfire is generally known as Battle of Britain's most famous aircraft. Although less durable than Hurricane, it was faster. It was designed by Reginald Joseph Mitchell.
Hawker Hurricane
The Hawker Hurricane was the most numerous aircraft in the Royal Air Force. It was easier to maintain and repair than the Spitfire and was a stable aircraft. It was designed by Sydney Camm.
Messerschmitt Bf 109
The Messerschmitt Bf 109, also called Me 109, was one of the Luftwaffe's best fighters. It was faster than the Spitfire and could dive better. However, its range was shorter compared to other aircraft. It was designed by Wilhelm Emil "Willy" Messerschmitt.
Heinkel He 111
The Heinkel He 111 was a twin-engined bomber, and it is considered to be one of the Luftwaffe's best bombers during the Battle Of Britain. It was designed by Siegfried and Walter Gunter, who are twin brothers.
VI. The End of the Battle and Conclusion
Hitler delayed Operation Sea Lion. Although, The Blitz continued.
The management of the Luftwaffe had made some critical mistakes. Firstly, giving the RAF time to regroup by focusing entirely on places like London on the attack on Berlin. And another critical mistake was failing to realize the true importance of Chain Home.
Also, Germany had a disadvantage. Because of the war was on the British mainland, pilots on shot RAF planes could continue flights if they could successfully survive. But even if the pilots of the crashed Luftwaffe planes survived, they became prisoners of war in Britain. On the other hand, as already mentioned, the Dowding System was one of advantages of Britain. It was a force multiplier that blocks waste of sources of RAF's against Luftwaffe.
However, even if the German had won Battle of Britain, they still had to face with Royal Navy, which is bigger than the Kriegsmarine. Even some German Commanders didn't believe Operation Sea Lion would be possible. German Grand Admiral Karl Donitz said: "We possessed neither control of the air or the sea; nor were we in any position to gain it."
In conclusion, Britain blocked and stopped an invasion attempt, and then was able to continue to war. There are different opinions about if the Germans would be able to invade Britain or not, however, in either way, Luftwaffe lost many experienced pilots and was defeated. And Britain won its first major victory, and continued to war.
Note: 15 September is commemorated as the Battle of Britain day in Britain.
References:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Britain
www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-was-the-dowding-system
I hope you like the presentation.
Let's start!
Content
I. Pre-Battle History
II. Deployment
III. Battle
IV. Dowding System
V. Iconic Aircraft of the Battle of Britain
VI. The End of the Battle and Conclusion
Battle of Britain Presentation
Battle of Britain was a battle between the United Kingdom and Nazi Germany that took place in British airspace between July and October 1940. It is considered to be the first major air war fought entirely by aircraft. It was also Britain's first major victory in World War II and Nazi Germany's first major defeat.
I. Pre-Battle History
General Situation Before the Battle
The Battle of France ended with the defeat of the Allies. And France, led by Philippe Petain, surrendered. After that, Nazi Germany wanted to force the United Kingdom to make peace with them. If they failed to do so diplomatically, they would use Operation Sea Lion to invade the United Kingdom and force them peace by force if necessary.
On 10 May 1940, the day Germany attacked the Benelux, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, unable to withstand intense opposition, resigned and was succeeded by the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill. Churchill was against making peace with Nazi Germany and advocated continuing the war and resisting the Nazis no matter what. The Dunkirk evacuation was a critical step in continuing the war. Without them, Britain would suffer a shortage of soldiers and it would be difficult to continue the war. But there would be a second step: Battle of Britain.
When the prospect of peace with Britain disappeared, the Germans decided to carry out Operation Sea Lion, namely to invade Britain.
Naturally, it was necessary to land in order to occupy the British Isles. And to be able to land, naval superiority and air superiority were necessary, without which a landing would naturally be suicidal, while the Royal Navy, which is stronger than the Kriegsmarine (Nazi Germany's Navy), and the Royal Air Force were standing in Nazi Germany's way. And in order to gain air superiority, they had to neutralize the RAF. And that would set the stage for Battle of Britain.
With the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the World War I, Germany was prohibited from having an air force. But Germany had secretly trained pilots. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, they officially founded Luftwaffe at 26 February 1935, the Luftwaffe. Hitler gave command of the Luftwaffe to Hermann Goering, a pilot at World War I and political ally of Hitler. In World War I, Hermann Goering served as a pilot in a fighter wing, Jagdgeschwader I. This wing was commanded by the famous WWI pilot Manfred von Richthofen, also knows as "Der rote Baron", means "The Red Baron."
After the start of the Second World War, the Luftwaffe performed very well and played important roles in the war campaigns. It was also an integral part of Blitzkrieg. The RAF's resources were more limited and they were outnumbered than the Germany. But the British had a force multiplier that eliminating this disadvantage: the Dowding System, which will be written in more detail in the following sections.
The RAF (Royal Air Force) was founded on 1 April 1918, as the world's first independent air force. From the 1930s on, its development accelerated with the political tensions in Europe. In 1936, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of RAF Fighter Command. He led to develop the famous air defence system, the Dowding System, named for him.
"The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin." Churchill said in a speech at the House of Commons on June 18, France. Battle of Britain takes its name from here.
II. Deployment
For Britain's defense, the RAF and British airspace were divided into four main groups:
No. 10 Group: Controlled by Air Vice-Marshal Quintin Brand and defended Southwest England.
No. 11 Group: Controlled by Air Vice-Marshal Keith Park and defended Southern England, including London. This fleet faced with the biggest battles, on the British side.
No. 12 Group: Controlled by Air Vice-Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallory and defended the Midlands and Wales
No. 13 Group: Controlled by Air-Vice Marshal Richard Saul and defended Northern England and Scotland.
Air-Vice Marshal Sir Keith Park
Luftwaffe
The Luftwaffe started the Battle of Britain in 3 fleets called Luftflotten. They were deployed to the English Channel coast and the North Sea coast, of the territory they invaded.
Luftflotte 2: Controlled by Field Marshal Albert Kesselring and attacked southeastern England, this fleet faced the biggest battles, on the German side.
Luftflotte 3: Controlled by Field Marshal Hugo Sperrle, participated in the attacks on western England mostly.
Luftflotte 5: Controlled by General Hans Stumpff and participated in the attacks on Northern Britain.
Field Marshal Albert Kesselring
III. Battle
It is generally accepted that the war is consist of four to five phases, but there are different opinions on this issue though. I will try to make a round-up.
Following the German victory in the Battle of France, the Luftwaffe deployed and regrouped at bases in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Air bases were prepared for battle. Before 10 July, the official accepted date of start of the battle, some attacks and raids were there.
26 June – 16 July: Storangriffe (means "nuisance raids"), The Germans made small scale scattered probing attacks during both day and night, along with armed reconnaissance. The attack on shipping named Kanalkampf ( means"the Channel battles") started on 4 July.
The 10th of the month was considered the official start date of the Battle of Britain.
17 July – 12 August: Kanalkampf attacks continued against the British shipping on this period, while the attacks on ports and coastal airfields increased. On night, air raids were done on aircraft manufacturing by Luftwaffe.
13 August – 6 September: The main attack, which was named as Adlerangriff (means "Eagle Attack") started, to try to destroy the RAF in southern England.
18 August was the peak day of casualties for both sides. It was the bloodiest of the battle. 27 to 34 aircraft of RAF were destroyed during the battle, and 29 aircraft were destroyed on the ground. And Luftwaffe lost nearly 69 aircraft.
This period includes huge daylight raids on airfields of RAF. Also, industrial cities, ports, and suburbs of London were heavily bombed during the night, from 19 August.
On 24 August, a group of Heinkel He 111 failed to find their target and accidentally bombed Central London. In 25-26 August, RAF attacked to Berlin as a response to this London attack. The British attack on Berlin did not cause any important casualties. But, after this, Hitler was enraged, and he ordered Goering to entirely focus to bomb London as a response to Berlin attack, and leave the tactic of bombing the RAF stations. Also, they thought that the stations were already badly damaged and it is meaningless to continue to bomb them, by thinking that's waste of time.
Nazi propaganda claimed that Britain would never touch Berlin. And it was a shock on the Nazi front that the British were able to bomb Berlin while the war was raging in Britain. And it was a morale booster for the British.
But, this was a mistake of Hitler and a gift for RAF, because their airbases and stations had important casualties during the past attacks. And this decision gave the time to British to repair them, train new pilots and regroup to prepare to fight again, while Luftwaffe trying to avenge the attack on Berlin by focusing to bomb London and the other cities.
This mistake was the turning point of the Battle of Britain.
7 September – 2 October: the Blitz started. Luftwaffe's massive attacks on London and the other major British cities during the day and night.
15 September was one of the most important dates in the war. The Germans launched a massive raid, in hopes of destroying the RAF. But since the Luftwaffe focused its attack on cities rather than the military targets, the RAF had already rallied, repaired its buildings, prepared new aircraft, and was ready for battle again. Thus, a massive aerial battle broke out. And this battle ended by British victory. 15 September is commemorated as the Battle of Britain day in the United Kingdom.
3–31 October: Bombardments during the night on London. This period also included small scale fighter-bomber Storangriffe raids to get the RAF fighters into dogfights.
One thing that kept British morale high during the battle was that the Royal Family, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II, chose to stay at Buckingham Palace in London throughout the war, occasionally visiting Windsor Castle.
And, on September, Hitler postponed Operation Sea Lion. And on October, Battle of Britain is considered to be over.
The Blitz, involving the bombing of major cities, continued, but the threat of invasion to Britain was successfully repelled.
During the battle, RAF sometimes bombed Berlin, though usually it is not mentioned. They usually did not cause important casualties, but Nazis' psychology. And, it made Hitler ordered to focus on bombing British cities, as the details already mentioned. Also, it increased the moral of the British people, who are hard-pressed.
On 20 August, while the Battle of Britain battle continues, Winston Churchill told about the RAF crews and personnel who fought in the Battle of Britain:
"Never was so much owed by so many to so few."
A war time British poster including this quote.
Note: The quote in his speech was actually: "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few."
After this quote, RAF members was started known (and named) as "The Few."
The RAF had volunteers from all over the world, from Nazi-occupied Europe; Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the rest of the world, even from the neutral countries, from the United States and more have joined the Royal Air Force at Battle of Britain. In fact, the RAF's No. 303 Polish squadron (one of the RAF's Polish squadrons) shot down more enemy aircraft than any other RAF Squadron.
The pilots of No. 303 Polish Squadron
IV. Dowding System
The Dowding System was a network of air defense systems incorporating radars, ground defenses, and the members of the Observer Corps.* Radars were used by many countries during the Second World War, and Germany knew that Britain had radar technology. But a system such as the Dowding system that combines radars with many other defense tools in a system had never been used before. And what the Germans didn't know was that the British system was so deep and detailed and so critical to British defense. If they had known, they could have continued the bombing on attacking RAF targets and radar systems, rather than focusing entirely on London and other major cities, with the sole aim of avenging the bombardment of Berlin (which actually did no significant damage), which would have been more beneficial to Luftwaffe.
*The Royal Observer Corps was an organization of people in Britain, who worked to help detect and approaching enemy aircraft and report them to RAF.
Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding, Dowding System named after him.
Radar chains called Chain Home were built on the south coast of Britain. But they could not detect planes flying below a certain height. For this, another radar system called Chain Home Low were used, a special version of original Chain Home. In addition to radars, Observer Corps members were helping to detect the enemy aircraft approaching Britain and report them.
Range of Radars.
A Chain Home Low Station
Map of the bases of sides, British RAF Groups and some of the radars' range. See the previous map at this section for entire range of all radars.
The information gathered by radars about approaching enemy aircraft was sent to the Filter Room at Fighter Command Headquarters.
After the information was finalized, verified and filtered, it was sent to the Headquarters of the relevant Group. From there it was sent to Sector Stations, and then the aircraft steered by them, and made them was already prepared to fight before the enemy arrived.
The information provided by the Observer Corps was filtered out at Observer Corps Headquarters, then sent either to Fighter Command or directly to Group Headquarters or Sector Stations.
No. 10 Group's Control Room
In this way, RAF aircraft could be prepared in advance to respond to oncoming attacks before they arrive, and this gave the RAF this critically important time. Furthermore, the RAF's pilot resources were more limited than the Luftwaffe's. And the Dowding System made an important contribution to winning the war, by ensuring that the RAF did not conserve and waste its lesser resources against the Luftwaffe.
But that alone was not enough for victory, the Luftwaffe's own mistakes also had a significant impact.
V. Iconic Aircraft of the Battle of Britain
Battle of Britain had many notable aircraft, I have included the most prominent ones.
Supermarine Spitfire
The Supermarine Spitfire is generally known as Battle of Britain's most famous aircraft. Although less durable than Hurricane, it was faster. It was designed by Reginald Joseph Mitchell.
Hawker Hurricane
The Hawker Hurricane was the most numerous aircraft in the Royal Air Force. It was easier to maintain and repair than the Spitfire and was a stable aircraft. It was designed by Sydney Camm.
Messerschmitt Bf 109
The Messerschmitt Bf 109, also called Me 109, was one of the Luftwaffe's best fighters. It was faster than the Spitfire and could dive better. However, its range was shorter compared to other aircraft. It was designed by Wilhelm Emil "Willy" Messerschmitt.
Heinkel He 111
The Heinkel He 111 was a twin-engined bomber, and it is considered to be one of the Luftwaffe's best bombers during the Battle Of Britain. It was designed by Siegfried and Walter Gunter, who are twin brothers.
VI. The End of the Battle and Conclusion
Hitler delayed Operation Sea Lion. Although, The Blitz continued.
The management of the Luftwaffe had made some critical mistakes. Firstly, giving the RAF time to regroup by focusing entirely on places like London on the attack on Berlin. And another critical mistake was failing to realize the true importance of Chain Home.
Also, Germany had a disadvantage. Because of the war was on the British mainland, pilots on shot RAF planes could continue flights if they could successfully survive. But even if the pilots of the crashed Luftwaffe planes survived, they became prisoners of war in Britain. On the other hand, as already mentioned, the Dowding System was one of advantages of Britain. It was a force multiplier that blocks waste of sources of RAF's against Luftwaffe.
However, even if the German had won Battle of Britain, they still had to face with Royal Navy, which is bigger than the Kriegsmarine. Even some German Commanders didn't believe Operation Sea Lion would be possible. German Grand Admiral Karl Donitz said: "We possessed neither control of the air or the sea; nor were we in any position to gain it."
In conclusion, Britain blocked and stopped an invasion attempt, and then was able to continue to war. There are different opinions about if the Germans would be able to invade Britain or not, however, in either way, Luftwaffe lost many experienced pilots and was defeated. And Britain won its first major victory, and continued to war.
Note: 15 September is commemorated as the Battle of Britain day in Britain.
References:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Britain
www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-was-the-dowding-system
