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Post by Jean Lannes on Oct 6, 2015 2:57:38 GMT
Today:The Turkish Wars of Independence! We will be learning about the Turkish portion of the Treaty of Sevres, Moustapha Kemal, the Turco-Armenian, Franco-Turkish, and Greco-Turkish wars, and the Treaty of Lausanne. First, the Treaty of Sevres.  After WWI, the Ottomans initially had to give up virtually all of thier land. We will go more in depth into that when we talk about the Middle East, but for now:just the Turkish portion. Basically, this is what happened:Greece would take Thrace and Izmir, Italy would gain a colony in Southwestern Turkey near the Dodecanese, France would gain some Southeastern land, the newly created state of Armenia would gain Turkish lands to the East, Britain took small portions of Kurdistan and Istanbul would be a DMZ. The Ottoman Empire was reduced to a small amount of land near Ankara. Problems arose among these different powers carving up Turkey, however. Italy pulled out of the Treaty after several border disagreements with Greece. Next, Moustapha Kemal/Kemal Ataturk.  I don't typically focus on one person for a lecture, but in order to understand the Turkish Wars of Independence, you really need to know this one guy as well. Moustapha Kemal was a very big Turkish Nationalist and was member of the Young Turk Party which took over the Ottoman government in 1908. Kemal was also a military strategist, and a good one at that. He was in charge of Turkish forces at Gallipoli and was excellent at resisting the Anzac forces. After the war, the Ottoman Empire fell into chaos and ruin. Along with other disgruntled Turks, he formed the National Congress of Turkey shortly after the war ended. This organization grew extremely powerful and was the main force for the liberation of Turkey. In essence, I'd refer to Moustapha Kemal as the Otto Von Bismarck of Turkey. Next, we're going to be talking about all three of the wars which gave Turkey its independence:The Franco-Turkish, The Turco-Armenian and the Greco-Turkish.   The Turco-Armenian War was between the newly independent state of Armenia and Kemals forces. The Western European powers initially helped the Armenians, but withdrew their support after the Turks won multiple significant victories over the Armenians. The Turks also received financial and military help from the Soviets in the Armenian campaign, as while Kemals forces took back the Turkish land they claimed, the Soviets marched into Yerevan and turned it into a communist republic. Next was the Franco-Turkish War, which saw heavy fighting in Southeastern Turkey near the Syrian border. The Turks again won multiple victories. Due to public pressure to demobilize the French military and to stop fighting, the Prime Minister of France starts to negotiate with Kemal. After one year of fighting with the Turks, the French officially recognize Kemals government in Ankara and no longer deal with the Ottoman Sultan. The British are furious. Only one more country remains to fight the Turks:The Greeks, who had been fighting the Turks since 1919. By 1920, the Greek king takes personal control of the Greek military and launches a brilliant campaign against the Turks which drives them back toward Ankara. In 1921, Kemal asks the National Congress of Turkey to give him dictatorial powers for one month to drive back the Greeks. The congress agrees. Kemal then strikes at the Greek supply lines. Fearing that his army may be stripped of supplies, King Constantine of Greece decides to fall back. After pushing back the enemy, the Turks spend a whole year making supplies and weapons for a huge counterattack. In 1922, the Turks attack Izmir following the railway line to the city and North toward the City of Bursa. The Greeks are quickly pushed back and evacuate at Izmir. Finally, the Treaty of Lausanne.  After the Greeks evacuate Anatolia at Izmir, the Turks prepare for an assault on Istanbul, now occupied by British troops. The British government does not want to be involved in another war and thus negotiates with Kemal. In 1923, a treaty is signed in Swiss city of Lausanne which ends the conflict in turkey. Kemals turkeys is now recognized by all of Europe and proclaims itself the Republic of Turkey with Moustapha Kemal as its first president. Okay, so it seems likes people either want the Cold War or WWI, so please choose one of these two options. Very good, could you just add some minors things please 1. His name was Mustafa Kemal "Atatürk" Atatürk meaning "Father of the Turks" 2. Maras and Hatay. The French got kicked out of Maras by the population and that's why it's called "Kahramanmaras" meaning "heroistic Maras". Hatay was later given to Turkey in 1939 if Turkey won't ally with Germany. 3. Kurdistan should have become an independent nation according to the Treaty of Sevres. |
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Post by Napoleon Bonaparte on Oct 6, 2015 4:40:49 GMT
General William T. Sherman I am good with both of ww1 or the cold war but as the topics of the interbellum are about to end it would be good to completely end it and then start the cold war, anyways it is up to you.
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Post by Suvorov on Oct 6, 2015 5:34:23 GMT
Cold war is an enormous subject. Perhaps we should divide it into smaller subjects?
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Post by Jean Lannes on Oct 6, 2015 21:35:38 GMT
Maybe make like 5 parts
1. Capitalism vs. Communism
2. Missile Crisis
3. Germany, Korea, Vietnam
4. 70s and 80s
5. End of SU
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Post by General William T. Sherman on Oct 6, 2015 22:40:58 GMT
Maybe make like 5 parts 1. Capitalism vs. Communism 2. Missile Crisis 3. Germany, Korea, Vietnam 4. 70s and 80s 5. End of SU I'd do it like this: 1.Conflift between Capitalism and Communism prior to WWII (Russian civil war, Spanish Civil War, etc.) 2.The World after WWII 3.Major Proxy Wars (Korea, Vietnam, Angola, Afghanistan and any others I can maybe find) 4.Detante(70's) 5.End of SU(80's) I'd probably include the Cuban Missile Crisis in the Proxy wars, but that incident was not a proxy war. There's just nowhere else to really insert it. |
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Post by Jean Lannes on Oct 6, 2015 22:43:41 GMT
Maybe make like 5 parts 1. Capitalism vs. Communism 2. Missile Crisis 3. Germany, Korea, Vietnam 4. 70s and 80s 5. End of SU I'd do it like this: 1.Conflift between Capitalism and Communism prior to WWII (Russian civil war, Spanish Civil War, etc.) 2.The World after WWII 3.Major Proxy Wars (Korea, Vietnam, Angola, Afghanistan and any others I can maybe find) 4.Detante(70's) 5.End of SU(80's) I'd probably include the Cuban Missile Crisis in the Proxy wars, but that incident was not a proxy war. There's just nowhere else to really insert it. That would be the best way imo |
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Post by General William T. Sherman on Oct 6, 2015 22:54:40 GMT
I'd do it like this: 1.Conflift between Capitalism and Communism prior to WWII (Russian civil war, Spanish Civil War, etc.) 2.The World after WWII 3.Major Proxy Wars (Korea, Vietnam, Angola, Afghanistan and any others I can maybe find) 4.Detante(70's) 5.End of SU(80's) I'd probably include the Cuban Missile Crisis in the Proxy wars, but that incident was not a proxy war. There's just nowhere else to really insert it. That would be the best way imo I might actually add a sixth that's about American backed coups and dictatorships, in which case I'd add Cuba into that because we did try to topple their gov't. |
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Post by Jean Lannes on Oct 6, 2015 23:13:50 GMT
Maybe add the one in In Iran (1953 I think) where they (UK and US) put the Shah back into power.
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Post by Haelicon on Oct 7, 2015 8:13:08 GMT
Don't forget the Space Race.
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Post by General William T. Sherman on Oct 8, 2015 0:37:54 GMT
Today, the failure of the League of Nations! We will be talking about the creation of the league and its general rules, and two very important events which showed the incompetence of the league:The second Italo-Ethiopian War and the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. We won't be talking about the Nazis expansion today because that will be in the rise of fascism. First, the creation of the league!   After WWI, Woodrow Wilson, the president of the USA at the time, created the famous 14 points, one of which was the creation of an international League of Nations. Which was exactly what happened shortly after the war ended. Here are a bunch of the founding members:Great Britain, Japan, France, Brazil, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Argentina and Greece. If you noticed that I didn't include America into the list,math at is because we never joined. Yes, we were the ones who created the League, but we never actually joined. How that worked was Woodrow Wilson was the one who negotiated the peace terms for the Treaty of Versailles, and thus got a say in what happened. In order for us to join the League, however, our congress would have to accept the treaties terms. And our congress at the time was full of isolationist republicans. And this is what they pretty much said regarding the Treaty of Versailles, "We like the taking of the German land, cutting them down to size and them needing to pay reparations to us, but we don't want to get involved in this league. That requires us to, like, do stuff for the world". And thus the U.S never signed the Treaty of Versailles and instead signed a separate peace treaty with Germany. The league promoted world peace, like our modern U.N does today, only they never military enforced their declarations which soon became a problem as we will see next. Next, the Japanese Invasion of Manchuria.  In 1931, the Japanese Empire invaded Manchuria to start encroaching into China. After they took over the region in only a matter of weeks, they set up the de Jure puppet state of Manchukuo in the region, yet realistically the Japanese called all the shots in the puppet state. It was not like the Croatian puppet state the Germans would establish during WWII, which had lots of autonomy. Japan's puppet states before and during the war would all realistically be controlled by Japan directly. The League of Nations sent a team to look into it Manchukuo was actually a sovereign area like the Japanese so claimed it was. What they found was that the puppet state had absolutely no autonomy at all. The league then requested for Japan to leave Manchuria. The Japanese then responded by giving a speech about how they have to keep security in the Far East and then leaving the League right after. The League could not military enforce their request, and thus the Japanese just got what they wanted and continued to encroach further into China by taking over Inner Mongolia soon after Manchuria and taking over Beijing in 1937 which sparked the Second Sino-Japanese War. Finally, the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.  In 1936, Mussolinis government in Italy invaded the East African state of Ethiopia from their bases in Eritrea and Somalia. Unlike the first war they had with Ethiopia in the 1880's, the Italians were able to gain the upper hand through utter brutality, using poison gas and bombing villages until there was nothing left to bomb. Ethiopia was a member of the League of Nations and asked for military assistance in ridding the Italians from Ethiopia. As Ethiopia was a member, the other nations of the League were inclined to aid them, but they had no obligation to do so. Thus, they didn't because they didn't want to start another horrendous war like the one they had dealt with 20 years earlier. This also does lead to an interesting question:Why was Ethiopia supported by the European powers,despite being a nation which they could so easily colonize and take for themselves? The answer is that they were the only African country to actually defeat a European country in a war against colonization. After their first war with Italy, other European powers such as Britain and France recognized Ethiopia because they had won the war against a colonial empire, proving its strength. Tomorrow, the Irish War for independence! |
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Post by Jean Lannes on Oct 8, 2015 2:33:20 GMT
Another reason why Ethopia hasn't been attacked might be that they are the only Christian nation in Northern Africa.
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Post by General William T. Sherman on Oct 8, 2015 9:58:52 GMT
Another reason why Ethopia hasn't been attacked might be that they are the only Christian nation in Northern Africa. ...true, I suppose, but the boers were white Protestants in Southern Africa, and the Brits still took them over. |
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Post by Jean Lannes on Oct 8, 2015 20:34:59 GMT
Another reason why Ethopia hasn't been attacked might be that they are the only Christian nation in Northern Africa. ...true, I suppose, but the boers were white Protestants in Southern Africa, and the Brits still took them over. The Boers had been taken out because they controlled land the British really wanted and no one else would really want the land (besides of the Boers of course) while Ethiopia could have been taken by Italy, maybe France, or the UK |
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Post by General William T. Sherman on Oct 8, 2015 20:57:20 GMT
...true, I suppose, but the boers were white Protestants in Southern Africa, and the Brits still took them over. The Boers had been taken out because they controlled land the British really wanted and no one else would really want the land (besides of the Boers of course) while Ethiopia could have been taken by Italy, maybe France, or the UK But the point is that they were both Christian nations (the oranje free state and Transvaal) and the UK still took them over. Italy had attempted to take over Ethiopia and it was a Christian nation at the time as well. Being a Christian nation in Africa doesn't exactly mean you'll be let off the hook. And in some instances, the Europeans helped create Muslim states, such as Albania after the Balkan Wars. The religion doesn't really matter, it's just the politics for the most part. |
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Post by Jean Lannes on Oct 8, 2015 21:47:02 GMT
The Boers had been taken out because they controlled land the British really wanted and no one else would really want the land (besides of the Boers of course) while Ethiopia could have been taken by Italy, maybe France, or the UK But the point is that they were both Christian nations (the oranje free state and Transvaal) and the UK still took them over. Italy had attempted to take over Ethiopia and it was a Christian nation at the time as well. Being a Christian nation in Africa doesn't exactly mean you'll be let off the hook. And in some instances, the Europeans helped create Muslim states, such as Albania after the Balkan Wars. The religion doesn't really matter, it's just the politics for the most part. True,very true, but I meant that being Christian might be one of the reasons. And a good example with Albania another one of those would be Egypt or Pakistan |
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